This chapter explores the evolution and history of Indian retailing industry. The different stages of evolution and growth of retail industry and the way it groomed to satisfy the needs and expectations of retail consumers is narrated. It also showcases how the technological, political and economic factors moulded and scaled up the retail sector. The emergence of retail system and retail chain outlet system and the conception of Kirana shops are also depicted. Entering into the broader view of the retail sector industries, the features of India which attracts the investors towards its retail industry are also thrown light upon. The advantageous trends for retail industry and retailing scope in various sectors like apparels, food and grocery, pharmaceutical and healthcare, jewellery, consumer electronics, watches and sunglasses are explained in detail by linking the external environments prevailing in the market.